The Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is one of six species of porpoise, and so one of about eighty cetacean species. The Harbour Porpoise, as its name implies, stays close to coastal areas or river estuaries and as such is the most familar porpoise to whale watchers. This porpoise often ventures up rivers and has been seen hundreds of miles from the sea.
The species is sometimes known as the Common Porpoise in texts originating in the United Kingdom, though this usage appears to be dying out.
Physical description:
The Harbour Porpoise is a little smaller than the other porpoises. It is about
75 cm long at birth. Males grow up to 1.6 m and females to 1.7 m. The females
are correspondingly heavier, with a maximum weight of around 76 kg compared
with the males' 61 kg. The body is robust and the animal is at its maximum
girth just in front of its triangular dorsal fin. The beak is poorly demarcated.
The flippers, dorsal fin, tail fin and back are a dark grey. The sides are
a slightly speckled lighter grey. The underside is much whiter, though there
are usual grey stripes running along the throat from the underside of the
mouth to the flippers.
Harbour Porpoises live up to 25 years.
Population and distribution:
The species is widespread in cooler coastal waters in the Northern Hemisphere,
largely in areas with a mean temperature of about 15°C. In the Atlantic,
Harbour Porpoises may be present in a concave band of water running from the
coast of western Africa round to the eastern seaboard of the United States,
including the coasts of Spain, France, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway,
Iceland, Greenland and Newfoundland. There is a similarly-shaped band in the
Pacific Ocean running from Sea of Japan, Vladivostok, the Bering Strait, Alaska
and down to Seattle and Vancouver. There are diminishing populations in the
Black and Baltic Seas.
Conservation:
Harbour Porpoises are not and never have been actively hunted by whalers because
they are too small to be of interest—an adult is about the same size
and a little lighter than the average adult human. The global population is
in the hundreds of thousands and the Harbour Porpoise is not under threat
of widespread extinction. However a key concern is the large number of porpoises
caught each year in gill nets and other fishery equipment. This problem has
led to a documented decrease in the number of Harbour Porpoises in busy fishing
seas such as the Black and Baltic. It is known that the porpoises' echolocation
is sufficiently discriminating to detect the presence of the nets, but this
does not stop porpoises from becoming trapped. Scientists have developed beacons
to attach to the nets to try to deter curious porpoises. These are not yet
widespread and there is some controversy regarding their use—some concerns
have been raised about the value of adding more noise pollution to the seas.
